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Napêd na 4 ko³a

Przeniesienie napêdu na ko³a

Jest to dosyæ szeroki temat. Za przeniesienie napêdu na ko³a odpowiadaja ró¿ne zespo³y mechanizmów mniej lub bardziej skomplikowanych, takich jak sprzêg³o, skrzynia biegów, dyferencja³...

Napêd mo¿e byæ przeniesiony na przedni± lub tyln± o¶. Mo¿e byæ równie¿ przeniesiony na obie osie, i tu zaczynaj± siê schody...

Obecnie wyró¿niamy trzy typy napêdu na 4 ko³a:

  • 4x4
  • 4WD - Four Wheel Drive
  • AWD - All Wheel Drive

4x4 - jest najstarszym typem przeniesienia napêdu na 4 ko³a, w którym mo¿liwe jest w³±czenie przedniej, tylnej lub obu osi, przy czym napêd na obie osie nie jest zale¿ny od oporów nawierzchni a si³a jest rozdzielana po równo (50/50).

4WD - ta¿ke napêd na 4 ko³a, mo¿e byæ sta³y lub samoczynnie do³±czany ale tak¿e wy³±czany, który w pewnym zakresie steruje napêdem na dan± o¶. Zastosowany jest tutaj centralny dyferencja³, który rozdziela napêd pomiêdzy przedni± i tyln± o¶. Jest to przej¶cie pomiêdzy prymitywnym 4x4 a zaawansowanym AWD

AWD - system wprowadzony na rynek przez firmê Mitsubischi w 1982 roku. Zastosowany jest tutaj innowacyjny hydrauliczny trzeci dyferencja³ pozbawiony trybów i tarcz ciernych. Zamkniêty on jest w tzw. "TRANSFER CASE" czyli skrzyni przekazuj±cej si³ê na dwa pozosta³e dyferencja³y. Obie osie s± stale w³±czone ale si³a jaka jest przekazywana na osie jest uzale¿niona od oporów nawierzchni - na ko³o które napotyka wiêkszy opór przekazywane jest wiêcej mocy i na odwrót. Dziêki temu podczas jazdy do przodu wiêcej mocy przekazywane jest na tyln± o¶. Jest to jedyny system w którym podsterowno¶æ (napêdu przedniego) i nadsterowno¶æ (napêdu tylnego) na zakrêtach s± wzajemnie eliminowane.

S± to trzy podstawowe systemy napêdu na 4 ko³a, na których oparte s± ró¿ne elektroniczne oraz mechaniczne modyfikacje i usprawnienia tych systemów

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